A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles that make up a solid are packed very closely together. Each particle is tightly fixed in one position and can only vibrate in place. Some substances exist as gases at room temperature oxygen and carbon dioxide , while others, like water and mercury metal, exist as liquids. A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape.
Figure 3. Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed size. The particles are very close together and held in place by strong forces bonds. Their particles cannot move around, but they do vibrate. Because the particles cannot move around, a solid has a fixed shape. The constituent particles of a solid are very closely packed. The inter-particle distances are so small that if we try to bring them closer, repulsions start between their electron clouds.
Hence, they are incompressible. Therefore, they have negligible kinetic energy. A solid has a definite shape and volume because the molecules that make up the solid are packed closely together and move slowly.
Solids are often crystalline; examples of crystalline solids include table salt, sugar, diamonds, and many other minerals. Solids have definite mass, volume, and shape because the constituent particles of matter are held together by strong intermolecular forces. At low temperature the intermolecular force tends to dominate the thermal energy, the solids remain in the fixed state.
Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations. Behavior of Solids : Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations. The liquid will flow out over the surface because it does not retain its shape. A liquid takes that shape of its container. If something is in a liquid state of matter, it will have a definite volume, but an indefinite shape.
Liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape. Water , milk, and oil are liquids. A liquid has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape. Instead of having a rigid form, the molecules in a liquid move and fill the bottom of the container they are in. A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure.
As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter the others being solid, gas, and plasma , and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. Solids are non- compressible and have constant volume and constant shape. Liquids are non- compressible and have constant volume but can change shape. A liquid's shape is dictated by the shape of the container it is in. Definite shape, definite volume, definite melting point, high density, incompressibility, and low rate of diffusion.
Matter and its Composition 2. Physical and Chemical Changes 3. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures 4. Atomic Structure 5. Language of Chemistry 6. Metals and Non-Metals 7. Exercise 2. Looking to do well in your science exam? Learn from an expert tutor. A change of state occurs when matter is converted from one state to another state for example when a liquid is converted to a gas or a solid is converted to a liquid.
Note: Technically speaking a fourth state of matter called plasma exists, but it does not naturally occur on earth, so we will omit it from our study here. Liquids have the following characteristics:. A familiar liquid is mercury metal.
Mercury is an anomaly. It is the only metal we know of that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury also has an ability to stick to itself surface tension — a property all liquids exhibit. Mercury has a relatively high surface tension, which makes it very unique. Here you see mercury in its common liquid form. Gases have the following characteristics:.
0コメント