The Geitlerinema enrichment was shown to facilitate carbonate precipitation and was able to endure long-term exposure to highly energetic UV-C radiation.
The unexpected large number of yet uncultivated Archaea related to the Asgard group may allow us to study this newly identified phylum and facilitate their cultivation and investigation, while the abiotic precipitation of putative manganese oxides via high-energy solar radiation might be of interest regarding the geochemical cycles of pre-GOE systems.
Finally, this study will further contribute to our search for putative extraterrestrial live and especially fossilized biota as well as potential oxygenation of the presently UV-C permeable atmosphere on Mars.
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation, to any qualified researcher. MS-R performed conception and design of the study, assessed results and advised in practical execution, and manuscript writing.
RP contributed to study design, conducted practical work, and assessed results as an internship part of the MSc track Freshwater and Marine Biology, University of Amsterdam, and also wrote the draft of the manuscript.
HB performed both practical and analytical taxonomic assessment and contributed substantially to the writing and development of the manuscript. GM contributed as adviser, reviser and to the development of the manuscript. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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It is likely that eukaryotic cells, of which humans are made, evolved from bacteria about two billion years ago. One theory is that eukaryotic cells evolved via a symbiotic relationship between two independent prokaryotic bacteria. A single bacterium was engulfed by another one, and the smaller cell continued to exist inside the other, which was beneficial to both.
They evolved to become the more advanced eukaryotic cell, with its membrane-enclosed nucleus. Regardless of how it happened, the evolution of eukaryotic cells was a significant milestone in the history of life on Earth. As conditions became more favourable, more complex organisms began to evolve. Some of the oldest evidence of life on Earth is 3. Also found in the Pilbara region are fossilised remains of stromatolites.
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