The extra treatment might be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy or a targeted cancer drug. These treatments aim to try to control or kill any cancer cells left. You can read about surgery for cancer. Cancer may sometimes come back after cancer drug treatment or radiotherapy. This can happen because the treatment didn't destroy all the cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells by attacking cells that are in the process of doubling to form 2 new cells.
But not all the cells in a cancer divide at the same time. Normal cells go into a long rest period between divisions. Cancer cells do too, although the rest period may be much shorter. Giving chemotherapy in a series of treatments helps to catch as many cells dividing as possible. Cells that were resting when you had your first treatment, may be dividing when you have your next and so will be more likely to die.
But it is unlikely that any chemotherapy treatment kills every single cancer cell in the body. Doctors try to reduce the number of cancer cells as much as possible. The immune system kills off the remaining cells or they may die off.
You might find it helpful to read more about how chemotherapy works. Radiotherapy makes small breaks in the DNA inside the cells. These breaks stop cancer cells from growing and dividing and often make them die. Normal cells close to the cancer can also become damaged by radiation, but most recover and go back to working normally. If radiotherapy doesn't kill all of the cancer cells, they will regrow at some point in the future.
We have more information about radiotherapy treatment. Immunotherapy or targeted cancer drugs Immunotherapy uses our immune system to fight cancer.
Some drugs work in more than one way and may be both a targeted and immunotherapy treatment. Some immunotherapies or targeted cancer drugs may get rid of a cancer completely. Others may shrink the cancer or control it for some months or years. So a cancer may seem to have gone and may not show up on any scans or blood tests. But there may be a small group of cells that remain in the body. They can start to grow again after a while or when the treatment stops.
You can read more about immunotherapy and targeted cancer drugs. Sometimes cancer can become resistant to cancer drug treatment. Cancers develop from normal cells that have changed or mutated to become cancerous.
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But it also increases the risk of certain cancers, including those of the mouth and throat. While it isn't clear whether drinking alcohol can cause cancer recurrence, it can increase your risk of a second primary cancer.
While you may worry that it will take an entire overhaul of your lifestyle to achieve all these goals, do what you can and make changes slowly. Easing into a healthy diet or regular exercise routine can make it more likely that you'll stick with these changes for the rest of your life. There is a problem with information submitted for this request.
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Show references Facing forward: Life after cancer treatment. National Cancer Institute. Accessed July 24, Rock CL, et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. Long-term side effects of cancer treatment. Accessed July 22, Kushi LH, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: Reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity.
Fort Washington, Pa. Accessed July 13, Moynihan TJ expert opinion.
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